In Unit 1, Vision and Light, students work to answer the question 'Why is an increase in light affecting the health of Tokay geckos in a Philippine rain forest?'.
Working as conservation biologists, students figure out why a population of Tokay geckos has decreased since the installation of new highway lights in the rain forest. Students use their understanding of vision, light, and information processing to figure out why an increase in light in the geckos’ habitat is affecting the population. Then students turn their attention to humans by designing their own investigations in order to learn more about how our senses help us survive.
Chapter 1: How does a Tokay gecko get information about its environment?
Students figure out: In order to survive, a gecko must avoid predators and find prey. To do this, geckos use structures to get information from their environment. For instance, a gecko uses its ears to hear if there is a predator nearby and its vision to watch for predators.
How they figure it out: Students do hands-on investigations with their own senses to learn that information travels to them from their environment. They read about what senses different animals use to find their food. Through a Mystery Box activity, students learn that we need light to see.
Chapter 2: How does light allow a Tokay gecko to see its prey?
Students figure out: First, light travels from a source to the gecko’s prey. Then, it reflects off the prey and travels to the gecko’s eyes. As it travels from the prey to the gecko’s eyes, it carries information about the prey.
How they figure it out: Students use the Vision and Light Simulation to explore the path of light from a source to an object and to an animal’s eye, a process that is necessary for the animal to see. Students confront several common misconceptions about the role of light in vision by improving inaccurate models of how light reaches the eye.
Chapter 3: How does a Tokay gecko know that it is looking at its prey?
Students figure out: Light from a source reflects off the prey and travels to the Tokay gecko’s eyes. The light enters the eye through the pupil and then reaches light receptors. The light receptors respond to the light and send information from the light to the brain. The brain processes this information and forms an image. By comparing the image to memories, the gecko can recognize what it is looking at and make a decision that might help it survive.
How they figure it out: Through research in the Simulation and Handbook of Animal Eyes, students learn that light enters the eye through the pupil and then reaches light receptors. These light receptors respond and send information to the brain. Students return to the Simulation to investigate how a predator knows if it’s looking at prey or at an animal that would be toxic to eat.
Chapter 4: How could more light at night make it hard for a Tokay gecko to see its prey?
Students figure out: When light gets to a Tokay gecko’s eyes, the gecko’s light receptors respond and send information to the brain. The brain processes this information to form an image. Since the highway lights were installed, there is much more light at night. Tokay geckos have light receptors that form clear images in very low-light conditions, so the extra light at night makes it difficult for them to form clear images of their prey.
How they figure it out: Students use an informational text to learn that different animals sense information in different ways due to having specialized receptors with varying sensitivities. Students use the Simulation along with a digital model to compare the vision of nocturnal and diurnal animals in differing amounts of light. They build physical models of nocturnal and diurnal eyes and use them to explain the role of light in vision and survival.
Chapter 5: How do our senses help us understand our environment?
Students figure out: By designing an investigation that only changes one variable at a time, it’s possible to understand how human structures and receptors inform our senses and help us survive.
How they figure it out: Using a jigsaw approach, groups of students design, conduct, and share the results of hands-on investigations into one of three human senses: hearing, smell, or touch. The shared results of multiple investigations allow students to learn about other senses and to compare the results of multiple investigations.